Open cut method is a common underground engineering construction method. The basic principle of this method is to directly excavate an open pit on the ground, then carry out structural construction in the pit, and then backfill and restore the ground after completion. Open cut method is widely used in the construction of various underground buildings such as subway stations, underground parking lots, underground pipelines, etc.

   1. Characteristics of open cut method

   The construction process of open cut method is to excavate directly from the ground to form an open pit, then carry out structural construction in the pit, and finally backfill and restore the ground. This method is simple and direct and suitable for a variety of underground projects.

   2. Advantages of open cut method

   ①  Relatively simple construction technology: The technical requirements of open cut method are not high, and the construction process is easy to control, which ensures the construction quality and construction period.

   ②  Large working space: Due to direct excavation from the ground, there is sufficient working space in the pit, which is convenient for the use of large-scale machinery and equipment, and improves construction efficiency.

   ③  Low project cost: Compared with other underground construction methods, the cost of open cut method is lower, which is particularly important for projects with limited budgets.

   3. Limitations of the open-cut method

   Although the open-cut method has many advantages, its limitations cannot be ignored:

   ①   Interruption of ground traffic: The open-cut method requires large-scale excavation, which usually interrupts ground traffic and has a great impact on the surrounding environment and residents' lives. This is particularly significant in busy urban areas.

   ②   Environmental impact: The noise and dust generated during the construction process will have a negative impact on the quality of life of surrounding residents and may even cause environmental pollution problems.

   ③ Geological condition restrictions: In areas with complex geological conditions, the application of the open-cut method may be limited. For example, where the groundwater level is high or the soil structure is unstable, the safety and construction difficulty of the open-cut method will increase significantly.

   As a traditional underground construction method, the open-cut method is widely used in various underground engineering projects due to its advantages such as simple technology, large working space and low cost. However, its impact on ground traffic and the environment, as well as its limitations under complex geological conditions, require comprehensive consideration and trade-offs in practical applications. Through reasonable planning and management, the advantages of the open-cut method can be maximized, its adverse effects can be reduced, and the smooth progress of the project can be ensured.