What is a rock bolting machine? A rock bolting machine (also known as a rock bolt drilling rig) is specialized drilling and installation equipment used in geotechnical anchoring projects. It is primarily applied in mining roadways, slope stabilization, tunnel reinforcement, and foundation pit engineering. Its core function is to drill holes and install anchor bolts or cables to actively reinforce rock and soil masses. Below is a detailed analysis of its functions and applications:
I. Core Functions of a Rock Bolting Machine
1. Drilling Operations
(1) Drill anchor holes in rock or soil layers that meet design specifications, with typical diameters ranging from Φ27–400mm (adjustable based on model and project requirements).
(2) Adapt to different geological conditions:
Soft rock/soil layers: Use rotary drilling (e.g., electric or hydraulic power head).
Hard rock formations: Use impact drilling (e.g., down-the-hole hammers or hydraulic hammers), or combined dual-power head drilling technology.
2. Anchor Installation and Grouting
(1) After inserting the rock bolt, the machine uses the power head to mix resin cartridges or inject cement grout to bond the bolt with the hole wall.
(2) Some models are equipped with automatic grouting systems, enabling integrated operations from drilling to installation and grouting.
3. Nut Tightening and Preload Application
Pneumatic bolt installers (e.g., MJ series) can quickly tighten anchor bolt nuts, apply initial pre-stress, and enhance overall support stability.
II. Major Functions and Benefits
1. Reinforcement and Support of Rock and Soil
Suspending unstable rock layers: Anchor the lower unstable rock mass to the stable upper layers to prevent collapse.
Forming composite arch structures: Multiple bolts work together to create a load-bearing arch at the tunnel roof, dispersing surrounding rock stress.
Enhancing shear resistance: The tensile strength of the bolts helps prevent rock sliding.
2. Disaster Prevention and Control
Landslide control: Anchor unstable rock masses to improve slope stability.
Mine water inrush control: Seal rock fissures, reduce water infiltration, and assist drainage systems.
3. Improved Safety and Construction Efficiency
Mechanized operation replaces manual labor: Reduces the risk of workers climbing to drill, especially in gas-prone coal mines (pneumatic types produce no electric sparks).
High-efficiency construction: For example, vehicle-mounted bolt rigs working alongside tunneling machines can increase overall excavation efficiency by over 30%.
III. Typical Application Scenarios for Rock Bolting Machines
1. Coal mine roadways: Drilling roof bolt holes and installing resin bolts.
2. Deep foundation pit support: Soil nail walls and micro-pile construction to control deformation.
3. Tunnel engineering: Pipe roofing support and surrounding rock grouting reinforcement.
4. Geological disaster management: Anchoring hazardous rocks and reinforcing landslide bodies.
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