How does a tunnel excavator work? A tunnel excavator is a specialized machine designed to dig, shape, and support tunnels through various types of ground, such as soil, rock, or mixed materials. It combines powerful cutting tools, hydraulic systems, and advanced control technologies to excavate safely and efficiently underground. Here’s how it works step by step:

   1. Excavation Mechanism

   A roadheader or hydraulic excavator uses a boom-mounted rotating cutter or bucket to chip away material. These machines are more flexible in smaller tunnels or mixed ground conditions.

   2. A tunnel excavator works by:

   ① Cutting the tunnel face with mechanical or hydraulic tools.

   ② High-frequency hydraulic breakers are used to rapidly break the rock strata of the tunnel, enabling efficient excavation.