An anchor drilling rig is a specialized piece of machinery used for installing anchor bolts. It integrates drilling, anchor installation, and grouting functions, boasting a high degree of automation, high efficiency, and precise operation. In underground projects such as tunnels, subways, and mines, anchor drilling rigs can quickly and accurately complete anchor support operations, effectively safeguarding the safety and stability of underground spaces.
I. Technical Principles of Anchor Drilling Rigs
1. Drilling System: Equipped with a high-power hydraulic rock drill (such as the Epiroc COP RR series) and a high-precision drill boom, it can drill holes at any angle. For example, the XCMG XTB194's boom features a 1250mm telescopic reach, enabling a single-bore drilling depth of 4.6 meters, which can be extended to 6 meters with boom extension. Some models, such as the Sichuan Zuanshen DW551, feature a 360° rotating boom, capable of covering tunnel sections up to 16 meters wide and 10 meters high, enabling full support in a single positioning operation.
2. Grouting System: A high-pressure pump injects resin anchor or cement mortar into the drilled hole, with pressure and flow automatically adjusted according to hole diameter. The Hangzhou Jingke MT series is equipped with an independent grouting module, supporting cement slurry operations with a water-cement ratio of 0.35 and a maximum grouting pressure of 4.0 MPa.
3. Anchor Installation System: A robotic arm or turret automatically grasps anchors and precisely inserts them into the hole. For example, the French turret rig uses a turret with an anchor magazine for continuous installation, while the Swedish model integrates an automatic resin anchor injection function, achieving integrated drilling, installation, and mixing.
II. Application Scenarios of Anchor Drilling Rigs
1. Tunnel Engineering: On projects such as the Sichuan-Tibet Railway and the Xi'an-Chongqing High-Speed Railway, China Railway's MT2G dual-boom rig enables the complete installation of a 4.5-meter expanding shell anchor in just 4-5 minutes, doubling the efficiency of a single-boom rig. Xinzhuzhi's integrated drilling, anchoring, and grouting machine completed support work on an 18m x 13m section in the Wushaoling Tunnel, reducing the installation time for a single anchor to just 6 minutes.
2. Mining: Epiroc's Boltec SL is designed specifically for thin ore veins, operating in low spaces of 1.8-2.2 meters, and supports wire mesh installation and prestressing.
3. Water Conservancy and Hydropower: The Wuxin MT10D is suitable for pumped-storage power plants and reservoir irrigation tunnels. It features a self-diagnostic system and a safety voice alarm to reduce the risks of working at height.
The advent of anchor drilling rigs has greatly improved the efficiency and safety of underground engineering projects. Traditional anchor bolting operations require significant manpower and material resources, and the process is tedious and inefficient. However, anchor drilling rigs, through automated operation, can rapidly complete the entire process, including drilling, anchor bolt installation, and grouting, significantly shortening the construction cycle. Furthermore, the high-precision operation of anchor drilling rigs ensures the quality and stability of anchor bolting, effectively improving the safety of underground projects.
In addition to improving construction efficiency and safety, anchor drilling rigs are also environmentally friendly and energy-efficient. During construction, they utilize a closed-loop system, reducing dust and noise generation, and thus environmental pollution. Furthermore, their high operational efficiency reduces energy consumption and waste.